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LiFePO4 VS lithium-ion Differences And Advantages
What is the main difference between LiFePO4 and ternary batteries? There are two
Solar3g
November 14, 2022
LiFePO4 VS lithium-ion Differences And Advantages
- Solar3g
- November 14, 2022
LiFePO4 VS lithium-ion Differences And Advantages.
Which one is better, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) or ternary lithium battery? Ternary and lithium iron phosphate are two common materials in the lithium battery market now, how can we make a better choice to get a better one?
Ternary lithium and LiFePO4 batteries have their own characteristics, there is no good or bad in technology, only fit or not fit. The best choice is to choose the right ones. Then which one is more suitable LiFePO4 and lithium ternary batteries?
From the point of view of materials
From the point of view of materials, the “ternary” of a ternary lithium battery refers to a polymer containing three metal elements of nickel, Ni, cobalt, manganese, or aluminum, which is used as a positive electrode in a ternary lithium battery. The three are indispensable. Each element plays an important role, and the characteristics of each element also restrict battery performance; lifepo4 batteries use lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as the cathode material, and iron As a raw material for batteries, the PO bond in the lithium iron phosphate crystal is very stable and difficult to decompose. Even at high temperatures or overcharge, it will not cause structural collapse or heat generation or form strong oxidizing substances, which has good safety.
From a structural point of view
The ternary lithium battery has high energy density, high charge, and discharge efficiency, and at the same time it is not resistant to high temperatures; the advantages of lithium iron phosphate are: lower cost, stable structure, and longer charge and discharge cycle life. However, there are also problems of low energy density, low charge and discharge efficiency, and poor performance at low temperatures.
Ternary lithium battery
High -energy density and good cycle performance are the biggest advantages of ternary lithium batteries, which is also an important factor in the battery. The voltage platform determines the basic efficiency and cost of the battery, which is an important indicator of battery energy density.
The higher the voltage platform, the larger the specific capacity. Therefore, the same volume and weight, and even the Ampel hours of the battery, the higher the voltage platform of the ternary lithium battery, the longer it will last. Specifically, the discharge voltage platform of a single ternary lithium battery is as high as 3.7V and lithium phosphate is 3.2V. Therefore, from the perspective of energy density, ternary lithium batteries have absolute advantages and have excellent comprehensive performance.
The higher the voltage platform, the larger the specific capacity. Therefore, the same volume and weight, and even the Ampel hours of the battery, the higher the voltage platform of the ternary lithium battery, the longer it will last. Specifically, the discharge voltage platform of a single ternary lithium battery is as high as 3.7V and lithium phosphate is 3.2V. Therefore, from the perspective of energy density, ternary lithium batteries have absolute advantages and have excellent comprehensive performance.
Advantages of ternary lithium batteries
High voltage platform
High -energy density
High voltage platform
The higher the voltage platform, the greater the specific capacity. For the same volume, weight, and even the same capacity of the battery, the ternary material voltage platform is significantly higher than LiFePO4, its voltage line can reach 4.2 volts, and the discharge platform can reach 3.6 or 3.7 volts.
High -energy density
With the same volume, weight, and even the same ampere-hour battery, high voltage platform ternary material lithium battery life are longer.
Ternary lithium battery disadvantages
The biggest disadvantage of a ternary lithium battery is its relatively low safety, and it has a low fire point when it got hit and when the temperature is high. As introduced above, ternary lithium battery mainly has nickel-cobalt aluminate lithium battery, and nickel-cobalt manganese lithium battery.
Due to the unstable structure of nickel-cobalt aluminum at high temperatures, leads to poor safety at high temperatures, and the pH value is too high to make the monomer inflate, which leads to danger.
- Poor in heat resistance.
- Poor in lifespan.
- Poor high-power discharge.
- The element is toxic, ternary lithium batteries high-power charge and discharge after a sharp rise in temperature, high temperature after the release of oxygen is very easy to burn
LiFePO4 battery
Lithium iron phosphate battery is often named LiFePO4 or LFP batteries.
LiFePO4 battery, which refers to the lithium-ion battery with lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. This type of battery is characterized by the absence of precious metal elements (such as cobalt, etc.). In actual usage, LiFePO4 batteries have the advantages of high-temperature resistance, high safety stability, low price, and better cycle performance. The price of raw materials is low, and phosphorus and iron exist in the earth’s rich resource content, which means there will be no problems with its supply.
The advantages of LiFePO4 battery
Safer to use
Much longer lifespan
Better in high temperature resistance
Depth of Discharge
Safer to use
The P-O chemical bond of lithium phosphate is relatively stable, and it will be decomposed only when the temperature reaches 700-800 degrees Celsius. Even if the battery is deformed and damaged, oxygen molecules will not be released, and severe combustion will not occur. Therefore, lithium-iron batteries have better stability and safety performance.
Much longer lifespan
LiFePO4 battery has a cycle life of more than 2000 times under its standard 100% charging and discharging. It only lasts 3 to 3.5 years for a lithium-ion battery. While the cycle life will reach 7 to 8 years for LiFePO4 batteries which work in the same conditions.
Better in high temperature resistance
The thermal peak of the LiFePO4 battery can reach 350℃ -500℃, while the lithium manganate and lithium cobalt only in about 200℃. A wide range of operating temperatures (-20℃ to -75℃), which is much greater in high-temperature resistance.
Depth of Discharge
Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries have an astonishing depth of discharge of an astonishing 100%. This means that you can fully drain the battery without any worry of damaging it.
Disadvantages of LiFePO4 battery
- LiFePO4 cathode vibration density is small, the density is generally 0.8 to 1.3 or so.
- With poor electrical conductivity, slow diffusion of lithium ions, and high times when charging and discharging, the actual capacity is low.
- LiFePO4 batteries are not very good in their low-temperature performance.
In fact, we can’t say that ternary lithium and LiFePO4 these two kinds of batteries are absolutely good or bad but have their own characteristics, where the ternary lithium battery has advantages in energy storage density and resistance to low temperatures.
Secondly, the resistance to low temperature. Ternary lithium battery has a limit of -30℃, but the LiFePO4 is -20℃, more advantageous, while in the same low-temperature conditions, the ternary lithium battery winter attenuation is less than 15%, which is significantly higher than the LiFePO4 attenuation of up to 30%, more suitable for the northern market.
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